Frequently Asked Questions
Zero Trust and Microsegmentation Basics
Zero Trust
Microsegmentation
Zero Trust is a cybersecurity strategy that treats every network request as untrusted by default, whether it originates inside or outside the corporate perimeter. It removes implicit trust, enforces continuous verification of users, devices, and applications, and assumes breach as a guiding principle. Core tenets include least-privilege access, continuous authentication, and granular policy enforcement to reduce attack surfaces and lateral movement.
Microsegmentation is a network security technique that divides the IT environment into highly isolated zones or “microsegments,” each governed by its own access controls and policies. Traditionally implemented via VLANs or IP-based rules, modern microsegmentation extends to host-level policy enforcement points—such as agents on servers, containers, or workloads—to dynamically enforce least-privilege communication paths across data centres, clouds, and hybrid environments.
By isolating workloads into fine-grained segments, microsegmentation directly enforces Zero Trust’s never-trust, always-verify ethos. It prevents unauthorized lateral movement by allowing only explicitly permitted traffic flows, integrates with identity-aware controls to ensure minimal access, and accelerates Zero Trust maturity by providing the policy enforcement and visibility needed to continuously validate each session.
Organisations often struggle with the complexity of mapping east-west traffic dependencies, creating and managing thousands of granular policies, and avoiding mis-configurations that can disrupt applications. Legacy segmentation methods relying on static rules or broad VLANs lack the agility required for dynamic workloads, while host-based enforcement demands integration with existing orchestration and monitoring tools to maintain visibility and compliance.
When paired, Zero Trust and Microsegmentation reinforce each other to deliver stronger security outcomes. They enforce least-privilege access down to the process level, minimize the blast radius of any compromise, and enable adaptive controls that respond to real-time threat intelligence. This synergy not only hardens defences against sophisticated attacks but also provides the continuous monitoring and auditability critical for regulatory compliance and risk reduction.
Microsegmentation is a cyber security technique that divides the network into small, isolated microsegments, each governed by its own security policies. It enforces granular access controls at the workload or process level, limits lateral movement and contains breaches within a minimal blast radius. Microsegmentation can be applied across data centres, hybrid clouds and multi-cloud environments to protect individual virtual machines, containers or applications with tailored policies.
Traditional network segmentation uses broad perimeter controls—such as VLANs or IP-based firewalls—to manage north–south traffic between internal networks and external sources. Microsegmentation extends protection to east–west traffic by creating fine-grained zones based on identity or workload attributes rather than just IP addresses. This approach delivers dynamic, context-aware policy enforcement that scales with modern cloud-native and containerised architectures.
Microsegmentation reduces the attack surface by permitting only explicitly authorised communication paths, which strengthens breach containment and minimises lateral movement. It enhances regulatory compliance through detailed audit trails and data sovereignty controls for sensitive workloads. Additionally, it improves visibility via application discovery and dependency mapping, giving security teams unparalleled process-level insight into their entire IT estate.
Accurately mapping east–west traffic dependencies to define granular policies without disrupting application communications is a major hurdle. Legacy segmentation tools often lack the process-level visibility required for dynamic, containerised environments, making it hard to discover and secure constantly changing workloads. Teams may also struggle with managing thousands of fine-grained policies and avoiding misconfigurations that could cause downtime or security gaps. Automating policy creation and integrating with orchestration tools are critical to overcoming these challenges.
Microsegmentation embodies Zero Trust’s ‘never trust, always verify’ ethos by enforcing least-privilege access at every communication point. It isolates workloads into microsegments, preventing unauthorised lateral movement and ensuring only authenticated, authorised processes can communicate. When combined with continuous monitoring and identity-aware controls, Microsegmentation provides the policy enforcement and visibility essential to operationalising Zero Trust in hybrid and multi-cloud environments.
